Sleep Deprivation Models in Rodents (Model Kekurangan Tidur dalam Roden) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Sleep deprivation has been identified as a risk factor for various diseases. The number of patients suffering from sleep deprivation is increasing daily. Therefore, the risk to develop various diseases, including cardiovascular disease is increasing. However, there is a limitation to elucidate the pathophysiological changes following sleep deprivation in humans. Thus, the need arises for sleep deprivation models using animals, which will serve the purpose of understanding the disease in a better way. Several techniques have been developed to model sleep deprivation in animals, including inverted flowerpot and multiple platforms techniques. Genetic and environmental factors, costs, infrastructure and animal life spans are some of the factors that need to be considered when selecting a particular model. Furthermore, when studying sleep deprivation, tissue samples, such as peripheral blood, brain samples and aorta are used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of a particular disease. Currently, more than ninety percent of all laboratory animal experiments are performed in rats and mice. This review article focuses on models of sleep deprivation in Rodents, which are generally used in research laboratories. The article also tries to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique discussed, guides the sleep deprivation model and helps researchers to decide on a specific model for their purpose.

Syzygium polyanthum Protects Against Hypertensive Induced Kidney Damage in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat Model (Perlindungan Syzygium Polyanthum terhadap Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Aruhan Hipertensi dalam Model Tikus Berhipertensi Spontan / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Syzygium polyanthum is traditionally used as anti-hypertensive agent. However, the nephroprotective effects of S. polyanthum against hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease has yet to be elucidated. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant properties and nephroprotective effects of aqueous extract of S. polyanthum (AESP) in the spontaneous hypertensive rat model (SHR). The phytochemical constituent was identified using the phytochemical screening and HPLC methods. The in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Fifty male SHR were equally divided into 5 groups, (n=10/group); Untreated-SHR, 20 mg/kg Losartan-treated SHR, 1500 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, 1750 mg/kg AESP treated SHR and 2250 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, while 10 male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as control. Losartan and AESP were administered by oral gavage. Rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks of experiment. The phytochemicals include phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids were identified. AESP has high antioxidant activity as shown by antioxidant assays. AESP normalised systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) and significantly improved renal function (p<0.05). AESP also significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the serum as compared to untreated-SHR group (p<0.05). Ultrastructure of renal damage improved by supplementation of AESP. Conclusively, S. polyanthum is potential to alleviate hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease through its antioxidant properties.

Evaluation of antidiabetic activities of Etlingera elatior flower aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem for millions of people worldwide. Nowadays, medicinal plantshave started gaining more attention in diabetes management due to the minimal side effects and cost-effectiveness.This study aims to ascertain the antidiabetic potential of the Etlingera elatior flowers aqueous extract on the in vitroinhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes and in vivo type 2 DM rat model. The findings demonstrate that E.elatior flower has a high percentage of inhibitory activity against α-amylase (99.70 ± 2.88%) and moderate activityfor the α-glucosidase enzyme (52.39 ± 1.50%). In addition, E. elatior flower has also exhibited an antihyperglycemiceffect that is dose-dependent and has significantly decreased the elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lowdensity lipoprotein levels in the in vivo study. Furthermore, serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkalinephosphatase also were significantly decreased when compared to untreated DM. The high contents of total phenolic(39.06 ± 1.59 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid (39.00 ± 2.42 mg QE/g extract), and potent antioxidant activity weresuggested to contribute to the antidiabetic activity of the extract. In conclusion, E. elatior flower could potentially bedeveloped as a natural source of antioxidants that can be used for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.